request

def make_headers(
    keep_alive=None,
    accept_encoding=None,
    user_agent=None,
    basic_auth=None,
    proxy_basic_auth=None,
    disable_cache=None,
):
    """
    Shortcuts for generating request headers.

    :param keep_alive:
        If ``True``, adds 'connection: keep-alive' header.

    :param accept_encoding:
        Can be a boolean, list, or string.
        ``True`` translates to 'gzip,deflate'.
        List will get joined by comma.
        String will be used as provided.

    :param user_agent:
        String representing the user-agent you want, such as
        "python-urllib3/0.6"

    :param basic_auth:
        Colon-separated username:password string for 'authorization: basic ...'
        auth header.

    :param proxy_basic_auth:
        Colon-separated username:password string for 'proxy-authorization: basic ...'
        auth header.

    :param disable_cache:
        If ``True``, adds 'cache-control: no-cache' header.

    Example::

        >>> make_headers(keep_alive=True, user_agent="Batman/1.0")
        {'connection': 'keep-alive', 'user-agent': 'Batman/1.0'}
        >>> make_headers(accept_encoding=True)
        {'accept-encoding': 'gzip,deflate'}
    """
    headers = {}
    if accept_encoding:
        if isinstance(accept_encoding, str):
            pass
        elif isinstance(accept_encoding, list):
            accept_encoding = ",".join(accept_encoding)
        else:
            accept_encoding = ACCEPT_ENCODING
        headers["accept-encoding"] = accept_encoding

    if user_agent:
        headers["user-agent"] = user_agent

    if keep_alive:
        headers["connection"] = "keep-alive"

    if basic_auth:
        headers["authorization"] = "Basic " + b64encode(b(basic_auth)).decode("utf-8")

    if proxy_basic_auth:
        headers["proxy-authorization"] = "Basic " + b64encode(
            b(proxy_basic_auth)
        ).decode("utf-8")

    if disable_cache:
        headers["cache-control"] = "no-cache"

    return headers

def rewind_body(body, body_pos):
    """
    Attempt to rewind body to a certain position.
    Primarily used for request redirects and retries.

    :param body:
        File-like object that supports seek.

    :param int pos:
        Position to seek to in file.
    """
    body_seek = getattr(body, "seek", None)
    if body_seek is not None and isinstance(body_pos, integer_types):
        try:
            body_seek(body_pos)
        except (IOError, OSError):
            raise UnrewindableBodyError(
                "An error occurred when rewinding request body for redirect/retry."
            )
    elif body_pos is _FAILEDTELL:
        raise UnrewindableBodyError(
            "Unable to record file position for rewinding "
            "request body during a redirect/retry."
        )
    else:
        raise ValueError(
            "body_pos must be of type integer, instead it was %s." % type(body_pos)
        )

def set_file_position(body, pos):
    """
    If a position is provided, move file to that point.
    Otherwise, we'll attempt to record a position for future use.
    """
    if pos is not None:
        rewind_body(body, pos)
    elif getattr(body, "tell", None) is not None:
        try:
            pos = body.tell()
        except (IOError, OSError):
            # This differentiates from None, allowing us to catch
            # a failed `tell()` later when trying to rewind the body.
            pos = _FAILEDTELL

    return pos